ISTG stands for Inter-Site Topology Generator, which is a component of Active Directory (AD) that is responsible for creating and maintaining the replication topology between sites in a multi-site AD environment. The ISTG runs on a designated domain controller in each site called the “bridgehead server”. The bridgehead server is responsible for replicating changes between the domain controllers in its site and the domain controllers in other sites.
The ISTG is responsible for creating and maintaining the site link bridges that connect the different sites in the AD environment. Site link bridges are logical connections between site links that allow replication traffic to flow between sites. The ISTG uses information about the site link costs and available bandwidth to determine the optimal replication paths between sites.
The ISTG is also responsible for detecting and resolving conflicts in the replication topology. If a site link or bridgehead server becomes unavailable, the ISTG will automatically create a new replication topology that avoids the unavailable site or server. The ISTG also ensures that the replication topology is loop-free and that all domain controllers have a consistent view of the AD database.
By maintaining an efficient and reliable replication topology between sites, the ISTG helps to ensure that changes made on one domain controller in a site are properly replicated to all other domain controllers in the AD environment. This is critical for maintaining the consistency and integrity of the AD database and for ensuring that users can access the resources they need across different sites in a multi-site AD environment.
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